Accidents can happen anywhere, at any time. This is why it’s important for everyone to be familiar with the basics of wound care. Whether or not you are first-aid certified, you can play a role in helping a wounded person get the treatment they need. Not sure where to start? This guide from ITC Medical breaks down each step of the wound care process.
Examining the Wound
The first step in wound care is determining the nature of the wound. There are four categories of wounds: abrasions, lacerations punctures, and avulsions.
An abrasion is a superficial scrape on the skin. This is usually a minor wound that causes minimal bleeding, though it may generate pus. A laceration is a deep cut in the skin, which often results in heavy bleeding. Lacerations can also be contaminated with bacteria and debris.
A puncture wound is a deep hole made by a sharp object, such as a nail. A puncture wound may not bleed at all, but it can cause damage to the internal organs. Puncture wounds are also very prone to infection, especially when caused by animal bites.
An avulsion involves the forcible tearing off of skin and other body parts. This includes tearing off layers of skin to expose muscles, tendons, and tissues. It also includes the amputation of limbs and other body parts. Avulsion wounds usually cause severe pain and bleeding.
To figure out what kind of wound you are dealing with, you must identify the cause of the wound, and visually examine the wound site. Evaluate the size and depth of the wound, the amount of drainage, and the appearance of the area around the wound. Be prepared to describe the wound to emergency services over the phone, if needed.
Finding the Right Treatment
Minor wounds that only involve the top layer of skin, such as small cuts and abrasions, can usually be treated at home. Clean the wound using mild soap and water, apply an antibiotic ointment, and cover the area with a sterile bandage.
Severe wounds, like deep lacerations, puncture wounds, and avulsions, should be treated by a medical professional. If the wound involves an artery or amputation, call 911 or head to the nearest hospital. For moderately severe wounds, you can head to an urgent care clinic.
Cleaning and Maintaining the Wound
Even minor wounds can lead to infection, so keeping wounds clean and protected is important. Make sure to change out wound dressings as they become saturated with blood and other fluids, or at least 1-3 times per week. Watch out for these signs of infection:
- Increased pain or swelling
- Redness or warmth around the wound
- Red streaks on the skin around the wound
- Increased drainage, especially of yellow or green fluids
- Numbness or weakness
If you notice any of these signs or symptoms, contact your doctor immediately. Keep in mind that untreated infections can be fatal, regardless of the severity of the wound.
We hope you found this information helpful. If you need to stock up on wound care products, come visit ITC Medical in San Francisco, CA. We look forward to serving you!